Las alfombras conservan y encarnan un legado cultural milenario. Cuentan las historias de sus tejedores y transmiten las tradiciones enseñadas de una generación a otra. La creación de alfombras hechas a mano requiere una gran habilidad y el conocimiento de las diferentes técnicas tradicionales de cada lugar.
Elaborado manualmente en un telar vertical donde el hilo se sujeta fuertemente a la urdimbre mediante nudos, esta técnica tradicional propia de India, Irán, Pakistán, Tíbet, Turquía y todos los países del Cáucaso, se caracteriza por ser un proceso lento (ya que se anuda manulamente uno a uno, fila por fila), que permite la creación de diseños con muchos detalles. A mayor número de nudos, mayor es la densidad, la definición del dibujo, la durabilidad y por consiguiente, el valor de la alfombra.
La forma y el grosor del nudo diferencian las distintas clases de alfombras anudadas a mano. Desde nudo turco, nudo persa, indo nepal a sumak.
Indo Nepal
La técnica Indo Nepal se ayuda de una varilla para trabajar más rápido.
Persian Knot
El método persa es el más tradicional, cada nudo se debe cortar a mano.
Sumak
El Sumak se trata de una técnica donde los hilos se anudan en la urdimbre haciendo parecer que la alfombra está configurada por trenzas.
Elaborada en un telar vertical u horizontal donde los hilos de la trama se entrelazan con los fijados al telar de la urdimbre, esta técnica tradicional permite un amplio abanico de acabados, desde diseños simples y finos, con pelo cortado o bucle, hasta texturas más elaboradas. Se utiliza para crear dhurries y kilims.
Dhurrie
Carpet with a flat structure originating from India. This technique shows the structure of the weave almost in a pedagogical way and without fear of showing the warp. An example of this is the collection by nanimarquina Tres.
Kilim
Originating from Pakistan, these pile-free rugs are characterized by their high density, durability, resistance and lightness. One of the main differences between Kilims weaving and flat weaving is that the weave in the case of the kilim is much tighter and denser. These rugs come in a variety of colors and commonly in geometric motifs.
Originaria de la India, esta técnica permite crear alfombras de diferentes formatos, multitud de dibujos y alturas de pelo. Se manipula con una herramienta a modo de pistola con la que se van inyectando los hilos sobre un tejido tensado previamente en un bastidor.
A través de esta técnica se pueden tejer curvas y trazos fluidos, lo que permite transferir de forma literal dibujos y diseños gráficos.
Además, las alfombras tufting se caraterizan por proporcionar aislamiento térmico natural gracias a la cantidad de aire que se retiene en los intersticios de sus fibras; y también acústico, estas absorben los sonidos reduciendo los niveles de ruido.
Esta técnica parte del principio básico de la costura manual. Crea adornos visuales en relieve.
Fibers
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Wool
Animal origin
Prized for its softness, warmth and natural strength, sheep's wool has been used in multiple ways for thousands of years. Its unique natural properties make it water repellent and fire retardant.
At nanimarquina we use different wools depending on the desired finish: New Zealand wool, virgin wool, Afghan wool, Mohair, recycled wool and felt.
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Silk
Animal origin
Silk provides exceptional softness and a luxurious shine. The spectacular shine comes from the prismatic structure of the surface of each fiber, and is unique to silk. In addition to reflecting light, this shine amplifies colors to jewel-like intensity. In addition, silk is tremendously resistant, although it requires more delicate maintenance.
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Jute
Vegetable origin
Jute is a 100% natural, ecological, biodegradable and recyclable fiber, so it is recommended to use it exclusively indoors.
Its artisanal aesthetic brings a fresh air to the space, especially in spring and summer, and insulates against the cold for the fall and winter season. A perfect fiber for all year round.
These natural fibers resist the passage of time, without requiring maintenance.
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Nettle
Vegetable origin
Mainly cultivated in the Himalayas, China, India and Burma, nettle fiber is highly valued for its softness, resistance and its similarity to plant silk. The process of transforming grass into thread involves a complex cooking of the fiber mixed with ashes and water.
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Cotton
Vegetable origin
Cotton fiber is developed from the husk of the cotton seed. It has a resistance comparable to silk and has good thermal protection characteristics due to the
hollow fiber structure. It is generally used in the warp of carpets. -
Lyocell or Tencel ®
Origin: Artificial
Tencel® is the name by which the artificial cellulosic fiber Lyocell is known. This biodegradable fiber is obtained from wood cellulose mostly from eucalyptus, but also from pine, beech or fir (PEFC).
It is considered a sustainable fiber. Since it does not require pesticides or artificial irrigation, it is more ecological than viscose, its manufacture is not harmful to the environment or people.It is a breathable, soft and cool fiber, perfect for use in indoor areas.
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Recycled PET
Origin: Synthetic
This fiber is produced through the process of recovery and reuse of polyethylene waste such as plastic bottles to result in a light and flexible fiber, but at the same time with resistance to wear and good thermal properties that at the same time supports well. water and humidity, which makes the fiber suitable for outdoor use.
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recycled rubber
Origin: Synthetic
100% recycled rubber material in India, elastic and resistant. It is water repellent, thermal and electrical insulator.
Do you have doubts about which technique and/or material to choose for your project?